同创九州

Scientific, accurate and dynamic on May 19, the Ministry of Education held the 7th National Video dispatching meeting on epidemic prevention and control of the education system in 2022, deeply implemented the spirit of the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the spirit of the teleconference of the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council, implemented the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, exchanged epidemic prevention and control practices of local and universities, and made arrangements to pay close attention to the current epidemic prevention and control of the education system. The meeting made arrangements for the current epidemic prevention and control work of the education system. First, we should earnestly shoulder the political responsibility for epidemic prevention and control. Schools around the country should adhere to the general strategy of "external defense input and internal defense rebound" and the general policy of "dynamic zeroing", and pay close attention to the epidemic prevention and control of the education system. Second, we should dynamically understand the changes in the needs of teachers and students, timely inform the majority of teachers and students, explain the epidemic prevention and control policies, and encourage and guide teachers and students to fight the epidemic together. Third, we should implement various measures for the prevention and control of the epidemic situation. Improve the epidemic prevention and control mechanism, effectively strengthen joint prevention and control, and actively integrate into the territory. Strengthen the epidemic prevention and control of key places, key populations and key links in the school. Do a good job in the protection of epidemic prevention materials, living materials, storage of isolation places and vaccination. Improve the emergency plan, consolidate various guarantees, and ensure that the emergency plan can be started in time. Build a perfect online teaching and living security system for teachers and students. Fourth, we should effectively optimize campus and student services. Attach great importance to graduates' Graduation defense, employment and contract signing, and provide graduates with support and help within their capabilities. Make full use of the national public service platform for wisdom education to strengthen mental health education and assistance services for teachers and students. Professor Liang Wannian, head of the expert group of the leading group for epidemic response and disposal of the National Health Commission, made a special report. Heads of Jiangsu Provincial Department of education, Peking University, Jilin University and Shanghai University of Finance and economics made exchange speeches. The Ministry of education shall deploy the persons in charge of the university group and the school stability group directly under the COVID-19 work leading group. The heads of the special working groups of the leading group of the Ministry of education on COVID-19, the heads of the provincial education administrative departments, the colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of education, and the colleges and universities jointly built by the Ministry and the province attended the meeting in the main venue and the sub venue respectively. Clear zero and do a good job in the current epidemic prevention and control of the education system

The 2022 college entrance examination is coming. According to the relevant requirements of the Ministry of education and the National Health Commission on the epidemic prevention of the college entrance examination, all localities have successively released the precautions for participating in the college entrance examination to the 2022 college entrance examination candidates. Here, the Ministry of education once again reminds all candidates, especially those who are still stranded in other provinces, to report their health status, relevant return arrangements and other information to the local examination institutions in time, return to the provinces (regions and cities) where the examination sites are located 14 days in advance, fully understand and strictly abide by the examination and epidemic prevention requirements where the examination sites are located, do a good job in local health monitoring for 14 consecutive days before the examination, and reduce unnecessary gathering and cross regional mobility Do not go to places with large population mobility, and do not go to areas with medium and high risk levels.

In order to implement the general requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening and improving the construction of teaching materials for primary and secondary schools under the new situation, fully implement the main responsibilities for the compilation, review, publication, printing and distribution, selection and use of teaching materials, and effectively improve the construction level of teaching materials, recently, the Ministry of education, the State Press and publication administration, the central network information office, the Ministry of culture and tourism The State Administration of market supervision jointly issued the guiding opinions on the accountability of teaching materials (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions). In view of the main responsibility problems in the compilation, review, publication, printing and distribution, selection and use of teaching materials for primary, middle and primary schools, the guiding opinions clarify the accountability situation and treatment methods, and implement full coverage, full chain and standardized responsibility management. The guiding opinions includes six aspects: first, strengthen the sense of responsibility, require all regions, departments and schools to strengthen the sense of responsibility, and compact the responsibility of teaching materials to units and people. Second, grasp the basic principles and put forward that the accountability of teaching materials work should adhere to the basic principles of law and regulation, comprehensive coverage, objectivity and justice, and the combination of punishment and construction. Third, clarify the accountability situation, and refine the accountability situation in the compilation (Revision), review, publication, printing and distribution, selection and use of teaching materials and the release of information related to teaching materials. Fourth, we should seriously investigate accountability, clarify the main body of responsibility for teaching materials and the way of accountability, and emphasize the establishment of a working mechanism of division of labor, responsibility, coordination and cooperation. Fifth, standardize the accountability procedures and clarify that the accountability of teaching materials should be carried out in accordance with the basic procedures of acceptance, verification and handling. The sixth is to put forward the responsibility investigation of digital teaching materials and handouts, teaching plans and teaching references used as teaching materials, as well as the translation and compilation of national language teaching materials, which shall be implemented with reference to the guiding opinions and relevant regulations. After the issuance of the guiding opinions, the Ministry of education and other departments will guide all regions and units to refine the accountability measures for teaching materials, improve the responsibility implementation mechanism, and strengthen the investigation and punishment of violations, so as to provide a strong guarantee for the construction of high-quality teaching materials system.

In the era of intelligence, the application of big data technology in the field of education continues to deepen, and the application scene and scope accelerate to expand, which provides a scientific basis for educational decision-making and a strong driving force for teaching reform and innovation and high-quality development of education. However, the privacy and security risks faced by the links of educational data collection, storage, analysis and sharing can not be ignored, and educational data security incidents occur from time to time. With the continuous advancement of educational informatization construction, the value of educational big data as an educational strategic resource continues to improve, and ensuring the safety of educational data has become a necessary answer to run a satisfactory education for the people. The risk of education data should not be underestimated Education data involves many aspects such as individuals, schools, courses and resources, and involves a large group of educatees and educators. Once a risk event occurs, it will not only affect students, parents, teachers, schools and other subjects, but also may spill over to other fields, derivative network fraud and Telecommunications fraud, affect more people and fields, and cause economic and other losses. There are three main forms of educational data risk. First, the risk of infringement, including the infringement of data privacy and the ownership of data assets. In the process of educational data collection, improper expansion of the scope, collection of sensitive data and other violations of personal privacy occur from time to time. For example, in October 2021, Shanxi Xinzhou No. 1 primary school launched a statistical table of students' situation, which makes statistics on students' family situation according to 11 categories, including "leader children" and "enterprise boss children", which has a great negative impact. The rapid growth in the scale of education data, the ultra fast flow speed and the unclear ownership of data are also easy to cause disputes. Second, regulatory risks, including the disclosure and abuse of educational data. With the continuous improvement of the informatization level of the education industry, a large number of sensitive information such as students' personal information, grades, academic status and degrees are centrally stored in the database system, facing the threats of tampering, theft, embezzlement and disclosure, which brings great trouble to students, teachers and schools. In recent years, blackmail attacks have become a major threat to the security of education data in various countries. In 2021, 18 educational institutions in the UK alone were affected by blackmail attacks. Third, algorithm risk, including the restriction of free choice by rule algorithm, the deprivation of independent decision-making by data prediction, etc. Some educational data managers use scientific and technological means as an excuse for "black box operation", use algorithms to discriminate against users and improperly interfere with users. For example, some schools use algorithms to assign teachers' work, but in fact, it may have exceeded the load of teachers; Some schools let students with poor academic performance change majors, depriving students of the opportunity of self-decision-making; Some educational platforms rely on algorithms to push online games, vulgar novels, live entertainment and other content irrelevant to learning to learners. Provide four-dimensional guarantee for data security In the era of intelligence, standardizing various processes involved in educational data, providing strong security guarantee, and making data resources truly become a sharp tool for educational scientific decision-making and innovative development are the due meaning of the modernization of educational governance system and governance ability. The security of educational data can be guaranteed from four levels. First, improve laws and regulations. The state should improve the education law and other laws on the security protection of education data, and explicitly prohibit infringement, privacy disclosure, data abuse and other phenomena. The Ministry of education and other departments should rely on the data security law and other laws to formulate rules and regulations, clarify the boundary of educational data management, and implement effective regulations on the collection, analysis, use, sharing and decision-making of educational data; Clearly define and safeguard the data rights of education data generators and providers, and respect their data personality rights and property rights; Give priority to protecting the privacy of personal data, establish property rights for educational user data, give priority to the appreciation of educational data assets, and give property rights to data collection entities. Provincial and municipal education administrative departments shall formulate targeted measures for the implementation of education data security according to the actual situation of local education development and big data application, strengthen the supervision of schools and after-school training institutions, and provide technical and training support. Secondly, strengthen risk assessment. The Ministry of education shall cooperate with relevant departments to establish an education data risk assessment system, and control and manage them by classification according to the impact, destructiveness and possible losses of different risks. Establish a privacy protection mechanism based on education data risk assessment, and build a safe storage and transmission mechanism of sensitive data. For the safe transmission of sensitive data such as teachers' and students' personal identity information, students' behavior preferences and school status and education management, we should strengthen the collaborative management of password level, multi-level user authentication system and encrypted e-mail. Relevant websites adopt digital certificates and establish an information security firewall to protect private information and sensitive data from disclosure and theft. Thirdly, build a regulatory system. Build a national, provincial, municipal and school level supervision system, form a multi-party linkage and multi-layer governance mechanism, optimize the collaborative supervision of education data risks, make full use of intelligent technology, identify and characterize education data risks, comprehensively analyze potential hazards, investigate, warn and resolve education data risks. At the national level, an inter ministerial joint or coordination mechanism can be established by the Ministry of education, the central network information office and the State Administration of market supervision. Led by the Ministry of education, other departments, according to their own rights and responsibilities, undertake the work of network security supervision, compliance review of market subjects, cracking down on illegal acts, etc., especially filing and investigating the infringement or security loopholes of national large platform education data. The provincial and municipal levels can refer to the national level to establish regional education data supervision teams to clearly divide and standardize the authority, responsibilities and obligations of education data supervision. In accordance with the requirements of education data supervision, the school should cooperate with education, Internet information and other departments, transfer technical backbone, establish data security protection mechanism and school-based data supervision team, clarify management rights and responsibilities, and realize rapid response and rapid response. Finally, regulate ethical values. If we ignore the ethics and value of education, the educational data service based on intelligent algorithm may alienate education and make it manipulated by data and algorithm. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the humanistic position of traditional education, return to the humanistic value of education in the pursuit of objective truth, and break the data hegemony. Based on "people-oriented", we should judge ethical dilemmas and blind spots, formulate and optimize ethical risk resolution schemes, abandon data "black box operation" and promote openness and transparency of algorithms. We should establish a data security review and accountability system to ensure the legitimacy, security, integrity and availability of educational data, the educational autonomy of teachers and students and the security of educational privacy data, and punish violations of laws and regulations. Build an ethical risk control mechanism for educational data, promote the compliant application of educational data in educational management, teaching and research activities and student development, and highlight the humanistic care of educational data application.

On May 24, the Ministry of Education held the third "education decade" and "1 + 1" series of press conferences online to introduce the achievements of China's vocational education reform and development since the 18th CPC National Congress. Surging news learned from the meeting that at present, China has built the largest vocational education system in the world. Chen Ziji, director of the Department of vocational education and adult education of the Ministry of education, said at the meeting, "Over the past 10 years, we have consistently guided and encouraged vocational colleges to take social training and technical services as one of the important contents of running schools, promoted the implementation of the legal responsibility of" developing academic education and training at the same time ", improved the modern vocational education system with equal emphasis on academic education and training, and continuously increased the supply of technical and skilled talents. In response to the call of the state, higher vocational colleges have expanded the enrollment of 4.133 million people in three years, and kicked out the" six stability "and" six guarantees "while effectively serving the" six stability "and" six guarantees " The "one foot at the door" of the popularization of higher education in China. " According to Chen Ziji, at present, China has built the largest vocational education system in the world. In 2021, higher vocational schools enrolled 5.57 million students, equivalent to 1.8 times that of a decade ago; Secondary vocational schools (excluding technical schools) enrolled 4.89 million people, and the enrollment scale stabilized and rebounded. Secondary and higher vocational schools cultivate about 10 million high-quality technical and skilled talents every year, providing a steady stream of technical and skilled talents for economic and social development. At the same time, the state has successively issued the action plan for improving vocational skills (2019-2021), the action plan for vocational colleges to comprehensively carry out vocational training and promote employment and entrepreneurship, and launched the pilot of "1 + X" certificate system. At present, more than 10000 vocational schools in China carry out hundreds of millions of various trainings every year. Among the higher vocational colleges that carry out new vocational farmer training services, 141 schools have an annual training volume of more than 5000 people / day and 86 schools have an annual training volume of more than 10000 people / day. The training ability of vocational schools has been continuously enhanced, and the school running pattern of vocational education with equal emphasis on academic education and training has basically taken shape. At the same time, vocational education serves the whole people's lifelong learning, and the form of running schools is more flexible. Over the past 10 years, vocational education has been endowed with digital capabilities, continuously expanding the space for running schools, supporting learning before employment, employment before learning, and learning while working, actively connecting with continuing education and general education, and actively building a learning society in which "everyone can learn, learn everywhere and learn from time to time". The central government has supported the construction of a national professional teaching resource bank for vocational education for 10 consecutive years. On this basis, the "national vocational education smart education platform" was officially launched in March this year, covering 19 major categories and 396 Higher Vocational Majors, bringing together more than 660 professional teaching resource libraries, more than 1000 online high-quality courses and more than 2000 open video courses, as well as more than 4.2 million granular resources such as video, pictures and documents, so as to provide sufficient digital resources for all people's learning. At the same time, continuing education has continuously improved the resource supply and service mechanism. A total of 1891 colleges and universities across the country have held continuing education for academic qualifications, accounting for 46.8% of the number of students in Colleges and universities in higher education, which has effectively improved the length of education and quality of the people; Vigorously promote the construction of community education and elderly education, determine 129 national community education experimental areas and 120 demonstration areas, and build 30 open universities and specialized institutions for elderly education.

At the press conference held by the Ministry of education today, Chen Ziji, director of the Department of vocational education and adult education of the Ministry of education, introduced that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, vocational education at different levels has been effectively connected, and the development ability of vocational school students is more sufficient. Over the past 10 years, the basic position of secondary vocational schools has been further consolidated, the dominant position of junior colleges and higher vocational colleges has been continuously strengthened, and the vocational undergraduate education has developed steadily. Secondary vocational schools focus on delivering students with a solid foundation of technical skills and qualified culture for higher vocational education. From the "national backbone higher vocational college construction project" to the "national high-quality school construction project", and then to the "high-level higher vocational schools and specialty construction plan with Chinese characteristics", a number of higher vocational schools and specialties leading reform, supporting development, Chinese characteristics and world-class have gradually grown up, effectively supporting the national regional development strategy and industrial transformation and upgrading. Undergraduate level vocational education broke the ice and broke the "ceiling" that vocational education stopped at the junior level. The newly revised vocational education law has reserved space for ordinary colleges and universities to set up the specialty of vocational undergraduate education and vocational colleges at the junior college level to set up the specialty of vocational undergraduate education. Students in vocational schools can not only read junior colleges, but also go to undergraduate courses. The attraction and influence of vocational education have been continuously improved.